The combination of automated or semi-automated physical features with connected technologies may introduce significant security and safety risks to modern vehicles. This is a well-known challenge, especially after incidents such as the Jeep hack and the Tesla hack received mass media attention.
In order to improve vehicle security and safety, one needs to harden not only safety-critical components but also any other component they are connected to. The security challenges at a component level should be addressed with a combination of robust software and hardware security mechanisms. Software security is critical in order to protect the ECUs from remote attacks, while hardware security should be used to support firmware confidentiality and authentication, protect cryptographic secrets and provide countermeasures against software exploitation.